Finally, for the two different film forms we present a perspective on underexplored/emerging research directions. We discuss the origins of the observed functionalities and propose where knowledge can be translated from one materials form to another, to potentially produce new functionalities. 1 Altmetric Metrics Abstract Ferroelectric materials are characterized by the spontaneous polarization switchable by the applied fields, which can act as a gate to control various properties of. The quantum confinement of correlated electrons at transition metal oxide interfaces enables a wealth of emergent phenomena (1, 2).For example, the classical interface between SrTiO 3 (STO) and LaAlO 3 (LAO) has a series of startling properties, including the formation of a two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG) with superconductivity (), interfacial ferromagnetism (), tunable Kondo effect with. Given that the electromagnetic responses are a major source of the physical properties of solids, and new gauge structures often appear in correlated electronic systems, we put emergent electromagnetism at the center of Fig. Hence, in this review we compare and contrast the ferroic properties that arise in these two different film forms, highlighting exemplary materials combinations which demonstrate novel, enhanced and/or emergent ferroic functionalities. These two features of oxide interfaces produce many novel effects and functions that cannot be attained in bulk form. Ferroics (ferroelectric, ferromagnetic, multiferroic) are among the most fascinating phenomena to be manipulated using interface effects. These two thin film forms offer different capabilities for materials tuning and have been explored largely separately from one another. Of growing interest also are epitaxial vertically aligned nanocomposite films where interfaces form by self-assembly. Most commonly, interfaces are engineered in epitaxial superlattice films. Interfaces in complex oxides give rise to fascinating new physical phenomena arising from the interconnected spin, lattice, charge and orbital degrees of freedom.
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